拥(yong)有帝(di)王(wang)宫(gong)(gong)殿、园林(lin)、庙(miao)坛(tan)(tan)和(he)陵墓数量最多，内(nei)容最丰富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)故宫(gong)(gong)，明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)时(shi)叫大(da)内(nei)宫(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，清(qing)朝(chao)时(shi)叫紫禁(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，这里原为明(ming)(ming)、清(qing)两代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皇(huang)宫(gong)(gong)，住(zhu)过24个皇(huang)帝(di)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)宏伟壮观，完美地(di)(di)体(ti)现(xian)(xian)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)传(chuan)统(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)典(dian)风格(ge)和(he)东方格(ge)调(diao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)乃至全世界(jie)现(xian)(xian)存(cun)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宫(gong)(gong)殿，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)华(hua)民族宝贵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化遗产。天(tian)坛(tan)(tan)以(yi)其布(bu)局(ju)合(he)理、构筑(zhu)精妙而扬名中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)、清(qing)两代皇(huang)帝(di)“祭天(tian)”传(chuan)统(tong)文化　　四(si)合(he)院和(he)胡同 　　四(si)合(he)院是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)正房、倒座房、东西厢房围绕(rao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)间庭院形成(cheng)平(ping)面布(bu)局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)方传(chuan)统(tong)住(zhu)宅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)统(tong)称(cheng)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)四(si)合(he)院源于(yu)元(yuan)代院落式民居(ju)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)老北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最主(zhu)(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民居(ju)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。一(yi)座座青瓦灰(hui)砖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)合(he)院之(zhi)间形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)窄巷，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)胡同。 　　庙(miao)宇 　　法源寺(si)(si)(si)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)寺(si)(si)(si)庙(miao)遍布(bu)京(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，现(xian)(xian)存(cun)著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有：佛教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法源寺(si)(si)(si)、潭柘寺(si)(si)(si)、戒台寺(si)(si)(si)、云居(ju)寺(si)(si)(si)、八(ba)大(da)处等(deng)(deng)(deng)。道教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白(bai)云观等(deng)(deng)(deng)。伊斯兰(lan)教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)牛街(jie)礼拜寺(si)(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。藏传(chuan)佛教(jiao)(jiao)（喇嘛(ma)教(jiao)(jiao)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雍和(he)宫(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)西什库(ku)天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)堂、王(wang)府(fu)井天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)堂等(deng)(deng)(deng)。基督教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缸瓦市教(jiao)(jiao)堂、崇文门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)教(jiao)(jiao)堂等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 　　中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)线(xian) 　　北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)线(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指元(yuan)、明(ming)(ming)、清(qing)时(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)线(xian)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市规划(hua)具有以(yi)宫(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)左右对(dui)称(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特点。北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)线(xian)南起永定(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)至钟鼓楼(lou)，长约7.8公里。从(cong)南往北(bei)(bei)(bei)依次为，永定(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，前(qian)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)箭楼(lou)，正阳(yang)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)华(hua)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，天(tian)安(an)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)， 端门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，午门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，紫禁(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，神武门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，景山，地(di)(di)安(an)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，后(hou)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)桥，鼓楼(lou)和(he)钟楼(lou)。从(cong)这条(tiao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)线(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南端永定(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)起，就有天(tian)坛(tan)(tan)、先农坛(tan)(tan)；太(tai)庙(miao)、社稷(ji)坛(tan)(tan)；东华(hua)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、西华(hua)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)；安(an)定(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，德(de)胜门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)线(xian)为轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)对(dui)称(cheng)分布(bu)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)著(zhu)名建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)大(da)师梁思成(cheng)先生曾经(jing)说：“北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)独有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壮美秩序就由这条(tiao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)线(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)立而产生。” 永定(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)华(hua)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、地(di)(di)安(an)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)都(dou)在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)华(hua)人民共和(he)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立后(hou)被拆毁，而近年来又重新(xin)修建(jian)(jian)了(le)永定(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)楼(lou)。 　　城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池 　　始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)1550年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“天(tian)街(jie)”——前(qian)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)大(da)街(jie)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)历史上最后(hou)两代王(wang)朝(chao)明(ming)(ming)和(he)清(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防(fang)(fang)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)总(zong)称(cheng)，由宫(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、内(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)组成(cheng)，包括(kuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墙、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、瓮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、角(jiao)楼(lou)、 敌台、护城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河等(deng)(deng)(deng)多道设施，曾经(jing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)存(cun)世最完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)代城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市防(fang)(fang)御体(ti)系。北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)清(qing)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)总(zong)称(cheng)。根据等(deng)(deng)(deng)级以(yi)及建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)规格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差异，分为宫(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、皇(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、内(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)四(si)类(lei)。明(ming)(ming)清(qing)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有宫(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)四(si)座（一(yi)称(cheng)六(liu)座） 　　京(jing)剧(ju) 　　京(jing)剧(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粹。京(jing)剧(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)源头还要追溯到几种古(gu)老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方戏(xi)剧(ju)，1790年，安(an)徽(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)大(da)地(di)(di)方戏(xi)班——三庆班、四(si)喜班、春公班、和(he)春班——先后(hou)进京(jing)献艺(yi)，获得空(kong)前(qian)成(cheng)功。徽(hui)班常与(yu)来自湖北(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汉(han)(han)调(diao)艺(yi)人合(he)作演(yan)出，于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，一(yi)种以(yi)徽(hui)调(diao)“二黄”和(he)汉(han)(han)